The Nigerian Journal of Social Health (NJSH) is a biannual, blind peer-reviewed publication resident in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria. It seeks to publish both original empirical or theoretical articles addressing wide-ranging academic and policy issues relevant to, but not limited to the fields of health sociology.
SOCIO-CULTURAL BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS OF ADHERENCE TO GESTATIONAL DIABETES MANAGEMENT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing burden on public health and has been linked to adverse outcomes for both mother and neonate, especially when compliance with recommended management is suboptimal. Socio-cultural factors may influence adherence and non-adherence to GDM management among pregnant women in Nigeria, but there is limited empirical evidence from Osun State. This study investigated the extent of adherence and socio-cultural factors influencing gestational adherence and non-adherence among pregnant women in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 128 pregnant women attending antenatal care at purposively selected health facilities. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data at P < 0.05. It was found that 36.7% of the respondents had poor adherence, 33.6% had moderate adherence and 29.7% had good adherence to gestational diabetes management and 53.9% were grouped as non-adherent. Food practices (=2.75 ± 0.83), stigma (=2.73 ± 0.81), religion/spiritual beliefs (=2.71 ± 0.80), traditional medicine (=2.70 ± 0.79), cultural beliefs (=2. 68 ± 0.78), and family pressure (=2.66 ± 0.80) were considered as key socio-cultural barriers to adherence. Support from family (Mean = 3.01 ±° 0.76), health education (Mean = 2.95 ± 0.79), health care workers (Mean = 2.91 ± 0.81), religious support (Mean = 2.83 ± 0.82), community support (Mean = 2.78 ± 0.80) and financial support (Mean = 2.74 ±0.84) were found to significantly facilitate adherence to GDM management. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that cultural beliefs (OR = 4.10, p = 0.016), family pressure (OR = 2.95, p = 0.033), and religious/spiritual beliefs (OR = 2.57, p = 0.047) were significant predictors of non-adherence. Based on these findings, intervention should be delivered through family-centered, group-based, culturally sensitive, and community-integrated antenatal care framework that strengthens social support networks, enhances health education, promotes adherence to gestational diabetes management, and ultimately improves maternal health outcomes.
socio-cultural barriers and facilitators
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel-Ajayi Yetunde Abiola, Olufunmilayo Kunbi Amoo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE WELL-BEING OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN CAMPS OF GUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Social infrastructure is central to the survival dignity and recovery of internally displaced persons residing in camps yet persistent deficits continue to undermine well-being outcomes in conflict affected regions of Nigeria. This study examined the relationship between access to healthcare, housing quality, educational attainment and the well-being of internally displaced persons in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State. Anchored in Human Needs Theory the study conceptualized social infrastructure as an institutional mechanism for meeting fundamental needs of security dignity identity and participation. A descriptive survey research design was adopted using mixed methods. Data were collected from 371 internally displaced persons through structured questionnaires and complemented with key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings revealed severe inadequacies in healthcare infrastructure including limited functional facilities, shortage of qualified personnel, weak maternal and emergency services which significantly undermined physical and psychological well-being. Housing conditions were characterized by overcrowding, poor ventilation, lack of privacy and exposure to extreme weather contributing to stress sleep disorders and reduced social functioning. Educational attainment emerged as a protective factor enhancing social integration mental resilience health awareness decision making capacity and hopefulness despite structural constraints within camp settings. The study concluded that deficits in social infrastructure represent structural failures to meet essential human needs thereby perpetuating vulnerability and prolonging displacement related suffering. It recommends that the Benue State Government and humanitarian partners strengthen camp based primary healthcare services develop durable climate appropriate housing and expand inclusive educational and psychosocial programs to improve the overall well-being and long-term recovery of internally displaced persons in Guma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Secivir Queen Afer-Jem, Dorothy Akpovye Bage-John, Victor Chikezirim Ezenwa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEALTH LITERACY AND THE USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG WOMEN IN TUDUN KAURI COMMUNITY OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Contraceptive use remains suboptimal in many rural Nigerian communities, largely due to limited health literacy that constrains women’s ability to make informed reproductive health decisions. This study examined the influence of health literacy on contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Tudun Kauri Community of Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour, which jointly explain how knowledge, perceptions, social norms, and perceived control shape contraceptive behaviour. A descriptive survey design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 368 women aged 15 to 49 years using structured questionnaires, complemented by interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that although many women had some access to contraceptive information and interacted with health providers, substantial gaps existed in their ability to independently read and fully understand health information, instructions, and side effects. Low formal education, inadequate locally adapted materials, and poor comprehension of information in local languages limited effective and sustained co use. Women with higher health literacy demonstrated better decision making and continuity of use. Health literacy emerged as a significant determinant of contraceptive use, extending beyond access to information to include comprehension, cultural relevance, and effective communication. The study recommends strengthening adult and reproductive health literacy programmes, improving culturally appropriate and locally translated contraceptive materials, enhancing provider communication skills, and engaging community and religious leaders to support informed family planning practices in rural settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nanleng Dati Kakbok, Esther Anenge Gbaden (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEALTH WORKERS PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AS DETERMINANTS OF UTILIZATION OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN TEACHING HOSPITALS IN EDO STATE
This study examined health workers’ personal characteristics as determinants of the adoption and utilization of therapeutic communication skills in selected public and private teaching hospitals in Edo State, South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Patients seek healthcare services with high expectations of quick and lasting recovery; however, the extent to which these expectations are met depends largely on the ability of health workers to effectively communicate therapeutic information. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The population comprised doctors, nurses, and pharmacists in Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital (a private teaching hospital) and University of Benin Teaching Hospital (a public teaching hospital). Using multi-stage sampling techniques, a sample size of 500 health workers was selected. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, and descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that five major therapeutic communication skills written, oral, contextual, listening, and combined skills—were utilized by health workers at varying levels. Doctors predominantly used written and listening skills, nurses relied more on oral and listening skills, while pharmacists demonstrated greater use of contextual skills. Gender differences showed that female health workers utilized oral and listening skills more frequently, whereas males made greater use of written and contextual skills. Years of service and career status significantly influenced the utilization of therapeutic communication skills, with senior and more experienced health workers demonstrating higher levels of competence. The study concludes that personal characteristics such as gender, years of service, and professional rank significantly determine the utilization of therapeutic communication skills among health workers in public and private teaching hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olusoji David POPOOLA (PhD), OKIKA Nnaemeka (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UTILIZATION OF POSTNATAL CARE SERVICES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN IN SHAO, MORO LGA, KWARA STATE
Postnatal care services during the first six weeks after birth are critical to the health and survival of the mother and her newborn, yet postnatal care remains a neglected aspect of modern maternity care globally. This study examined the utilization of postnatal care services and associated factors among women in Shao, Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Moro Local Government Area. Two hundred and ninety women of childbearing age (15-45 years) who had delivered were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, awareness, attitude and factors affecting utilization of postnatal care. Chi-square test was used to determine associations between variables at a significance level of p<0.05. The majority of respondents (83.4%) had utilised postnatal care services. Health workers were the major source of information (48.2%). The variation in utilization by age group, education and marital status was statistically significant (p<0.05), while occupation and place of residence were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The majority of respondents had good knowledge of postnatal care services and a high level of utilization. Cost of services, availability, and poor access to health education were identified as major barriers to utilization.
Associated factors; Maternal health services; Postnatal care services; Utilization; Women of reproductive age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukurat Ashiru, Oluwatodimu Aremu, Kudus Temiyope Lawal, Zainab Bisola Folorunsho, Fasilat Raheem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION OF ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION AMONG MOTHERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN AGED 0–5 YEARS IN GUSAU, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Diarrhoeal diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite being largely preventable and treatable, diarrhoea continues to account for nearly half a million deaths annually among children in this age group worldwide. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is recognized as a simple, effective, and low-cost intervention for preventing and treating dehydration associated with diarrhoeal diseases. This study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge and utilization of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in the management of diarrhoea among children aged 0–5 years in Gusau, Northwestern Nigeria. A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 mothers of children under five years of age. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of ORS, and utilization of ORS in the management of childhood diarrhoea. Data were entered, cleaned, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while chi-square tests were employed to determine associations between categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Good knowledge of ORS was observed among 86.3% of respondents. However, ORS utilization was moderate, with only 45.4% of respondents reporting its use during recent episodes of childhood diarrhoea. The majority of participants had heard about ORS (89.2%), and 85.8% reported knowing how to prepare it correctly. Nevertheless, only 26.7% correctly identified the recommended preparation ratio of one sachet of ORS dissolved in one litre of clean water. ORS utilization was found to be significantly associated with respondents’ tribe and occupation (p < 0.05), while no significant associations were observed with other socio-demographic variables. Although maternal knowledge of ORS was high, its utilization during recent diarrhoeal episodes remained suboptimal, indicating a gap between knowledge and practice. Community-based demonstrations on the correct preparation and administration of ORS, improved access to zinc supplementation, engagement of traditional and religious leaders in health promotion activities, and strengthened counselling services at the primary healthcare level are recommended to improve the appropriate utilization of ORS and enhance the management of childhood diarrhoea.
childhood diarrhoea, oral rehydration solution, mothers, under-five children, Northwestern Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Latifat Adenike Sakibu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE AND WELL-BEING AMONG LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN NNEWI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.
This study examined the relationship between healthcare expenditure and the well-being of low-income households in Nnewi North Local Government Area, Anambra State. Using a descriptive survey of 60 purposively sampled respondents, data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and descriptive statistics. The findings showed that most respondents (73.3%) earn between ₦21,000 and ₦50,000 monthly, while healthcare costs are perceived as high (mean = 3.36). A significant inverse correlation (r = -0.529, p < .001) confirms that rising medical expenses drastically reduce household well-being. To cope, many families frequently sell off assets (mean = 4.41) to fund medical care. The study concludes that out-of-pocket spending drives financial instability. It recommends expanding community-based health insurance to protect low-income earners from catastrophic health costs.
Healthcare expenditure, Out-of-pocket, Low-income households, Insurance, Well-being
Copyright (c) 2026 Jacinta Nwokeabia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Self-Management Patterns of Type-2 Diabetes: Evidence from Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Utilizing Healthcare Facilities in Ondo Town
Diabetes mellitus is an issue of significant global public health concern. Despite increasing research on prevalence and management practices of diabetes in Nigeria, there remains critical gaps in understanding how demographic and socioeconomic factors mutually influence self-management, particularly within urban facility-based contexts in Nigeria. This study was cross-sectional descriptive survey that adopted multistage sampling technique. Using the k th systematical sampling method, 150 participants were recruited. The study population was adult living with type-2 diabetes, and utilizing health care facilities in Ondo town. The outcome variable was diabetes management patterns. The dependent variables were demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the participants. Stata version 17 was employed and statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Results showed that level of diabetes self-management among the participants was found to be moderate (22.75±5.22 out of a possible 36), while 48% of the participants practiced poor self- management patterns. The results further showed that demographic and socioeconomic factors, such as age, ethnicity and place of residence, financial constraints, household income and health insurance were significantly associated with self-management patterns among type-2 diabetes participants (p<0.05). The study found a moderate overall level of diabetes self-management, which aligns with trends observed in similar low-resource settings. However, self-management was not uniform across all domains. This study concluded that the subsidizing diabetes care, wider access to health insurance and integration of diabetes education into primary healthcare are crucial measures to improving diabetes self- management in Ondo town.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sileola Mofesola Akintaju, Taofik Olatunji Bankole, Muritala Adewale Ibrahim, Bunmi Regina Bankole, Rasheed Adebayo Yinusa, Azeezat Adenike Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pregnancy and Academic Attainment of Female Students of Tertiary Institutions in Lafia Metropolis of Nasarawa State
Motherhood is a daunting yet irreplaceable part of human life that contributes immensely to the survival of the family and the society. It is a task that can take the entire time of women because it involves many activities. However, most women combine this already demanding responsibility with educational pursuits. It was therefore needful to empirically explore the likely effect of this situation and as a result, this study undertook to assess motherhood and academic attainment of female students of tertiary institutions in Lafia Metropolis. The main objective of the study, was to assess the effect of motherhood on the academic attainments of female students. The study employed a mixed methods approach which combined both quantitative and qualitative methods and adopted a cross-sectional survey design to include all women who had been pregnant while actively studying or were pregnant at the time of study in the Nasarawa State Polytechnic (NasPoly) and the Federal University of Lafia (FULAFIA). From a total of 365 respondents who were surveyed, the mean age was 29.6 with 39.7% of them being within the age range of 26-30. Results indicated that a significantly higher proportion of respondents (95%) P<0.001 perceived that pregnancy had a negative effect on their academic attainment. The study recommended convenient child spacing and use of innovative technology such as online studies for regular students as a means to help student mothers study outside the classroom.
Copyright (c) 2026 Modupe George Sasetu, Ugal David Betelwhobel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sexting Behaviour and Perceived Health Implications among Out-Of-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
Sexting behaviour has gradually increased among adolescents especially with the advent and advancement of mobile phones and the internet, resulting in alarming rise of the behaviour among young people with the negative consequences of sexting. Thus, sexting has become a public health phenomenon among young people in Nigeria. A significant gap exists in the literature regarding sexting, as studies have predominantly concentrated on in-school adolescents, neglecting their out-of-school peers . This study examines the prevalence and perceived health implications of sexting behaviour among out-of school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted cross sectional design and through mix-method approach, a total of 401 adolescents participated in the survey, while 24 adolescents participated in the In-depth interviews. Sexting prevalence was determined using the adjusted Sexting Behaviour Scale created by Dir Coskunpinar and Cyders. Qualitative data were transcribed, sorted, categorized and analyzed thematically. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square and logistic regression. The mean age of adolescents in the study was 16.16 ± 2.0 years. The overall sexting prevalence among out-of school adolescents in the study was 28.4%. Many adolescents participated in sexting in exchange for material gifts and emotional gratification; they were ignorant of the associated dangers and consider known health implications, insignificant. Patterns of sexting among the study population include sexually explicit video, pictures and messages. Sexting was significantly associated with sexual harassment. Necessary interventions are needed a to enlighten and educate adolescents on the health implications of sexing in order to reduce sexting behaviour and associated health risks among out-of-school adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Titilope Felicia Taiwo, Oloruntomiwa Ifedayo Oyetunde, Oluwaseun Ayo-Dada, Mofeyisara Oluwatoyin Omobowale (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Covid-19 On Nigerian Students' French Language Immersion Experience In Lomé In 2020
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nigerian students’ French language immersion experience in Lomé, Togo in 2020. The pandemic unprecedented disruptions to global education systems provide a unique context to explore the challenges and opportunities faced by international students in language immersion programme. Through a mix-methods approach of primary and secondary data, this research examines the effects on language acquisition, cultural integration and students’ experience. Findings highlight the pandemic’s impact on students’ language input, community engagement and academic momentum. This study offers insights into the resilience and adaptability of international students and provides recommendations for language programmes and policy makers to support students during global crisis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olaoye Elijah Olawale (Ph.D) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Self-Care Interventions in Managing Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review
Chronic conditions, including heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, account for 71% of global deaths and present major challenges to healthcare systems, making self-care interventions essential for improving disease management and outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of self-care interventions in managing chronic diseases by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. Literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify English-language studies examining self-care interventions in adults with chronic illnesses. Eligible studies included those focusing on diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, and related conditions, with outcomes assessing self-care behaviors, clinical indicators, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies meeting inclusion criteria involved diverse interventions such as telemonitoring, nurse-led education, mobile health applications, and theory-driven behavioral programs, encompassing over 50,000 participants globally. Consistent improvements were observed in self-care behaviors and quality of life, with significant positive effects on clinical outcomes including glycemic control, blood pressure, and symptom management. Notably, telemonitoring and nurse-led supportive programs showed sustained benefits in heart failure populations. Reductions in hospital readmissions and symptom burden further indicated enhanced disease control and patient well-being. However, heterogeneity in intervention design and outcome measures limited comparability across studies. Self-care interventions are effective in improving behavioral, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes in adults with chronic diseases, particularly heart failure. Integration of technology and personalized education appears beneficial, yet standardized intervention frameworks and further research are needed to optimize strategies across diverse chronic conditions and healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adetayo Olorunlana, Adeola Mary Omoniyi, Oluwadunsin Dorcas Aina, Eric Msughter Aondover, Nnenna Okorie-Eugene (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Awareness and Attitude of University Students to Seizure Disorder in Nigeria
Seizure disorders are a significant public health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite their prevalence, seizure disorders remain shrouded in stigma and misinformation, leading to social and economic exclusion of affected individuals. This study aimed to investigate the awareness and attitude towards seizure disorders among university students in Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A quantitative research design was employed, with a questionnaire administered to 356 respondents. The results showed a significant lack of awareness about seizure disorders, with only 14.6% of respondents knowing someone with a seizure disorder. Most respondents (95.5%) were unsure what to do if someone experienced a seizure. However, the majority of respondents (83.2%) believed that education about seizure disorders can reduce stigma. The study also revealed a positive attitude towards seizure disorders, with 69.7% of respondents believing that people with seizure disorders should have the same opportunities as others. This study highlights the need for increased awareness and education about seizure disorders among university students and building on the positive attitude towards seizure disorders to promote inclusivity and equality. Education about seizure disorders should be incorporated into school curricula, raising awareness through campaigns, and promoting inclusivity and equality for individuals with seizure disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Folasade, O. Adekunle, Olayiwola Fasoranti, Titus A. Adekunle (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Determinants of Lassa Fever in Ondo State
Lassa fever is a significant social health issue in West Africa, but its social and demographic determinants are not well comprehended. The paper has examined the effect of age, sex, education, occupation, and residence on the risk of Lassa fever among patients in Ondo State, Nigeria. An analytical study based on cross-sectional analysis was done on confirmed Lassa fever patients. Socio-demographic information was gathered and logistic regression analyses were conducted that determined independent predictors of infection with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Age was an influential predictor: every year of age reduced the chance of being infected by approximately 21%(OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66-0.94). Nearly 50% of the cases occurred in adults between 20 and 34 years. Males were 53% of the sample and were more than eight times as likely as females (OR = 8.12; 95% CI: 2.8023.56). The effect of educational status was more complex: people who had only primary school education were at significantly increased risk (OR = 29.17; 95% CI: 4.55186.83), whereas those with no or secondary education did not differ significantly with those who have tertiary education. Applicants, apprentices, or retirees were strongly protected against civil servants (OR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02–0.58). The place of residence was not determined independently but the majority of cases were concentrated in rural settings in Ondo State which was a representation of the timing of the outbreak and the level of surveillance. The risk of Lassa fever is also defined by the social and occupational determinants, and the most recent burden is concentrated among lowly educated young men working in informal or agricultural areas. The priority of the interventions should be rodent-proof housing, safe food storage, health education, and enhanced surveillance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agboola Femi, Adebayo, Ige Oluwatoyin Ruth, Ruth Oluwaseun Adebayo, James Idowu, Alonge (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mental Health and Loneliness Among The Aged In Wamba Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Mental health and loneliness have emerged as critical public health concern among the aging population, particularly individuals aged 70 years and above. As people advance in age, they often face a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social changes that can predispose them to mental health challenges. This study examined mental health and loneliness among the aged (70 years and above) in Wamba Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of loneliness among individuals aged 70 years and above and examine how loneliness affects the emotions of elderly individuals. The study adopted social isolation theory and attachment theory in explaining mental health and loneliness among the aged (70 years and above). The study adopted phenomenological research design. Key informant interview (KII) with 20 key informants was employed to gather data through purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed that Loneliness significantly affects the emotional wellbeing of the elderly, contributing to increased anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. It often leads to withdrawal from social interactions with family, neighbours, and community members, altering previous patterns of engagement. Also, these emotional and behavioural changes reinforce a cycle of degradation in mental health and social engagement, demonstrating the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and psychological wellbeing. Therefore the study recommended the need to develop community-based educational programs to increase awareness among the elderly and their families about the emotional dimensions of loneliness, encouraging open discussion of feelings and experiences. Family and community members should be encouraged maintaining regular contact with elders, emphasizing proactive outreach to reduce social isolation during vulnerable periods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dorothy Akpovye Bage-John, Victor Chikezirim Ezenwa, Blessing Baje (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Images of Health and Illness Behaviour Among The Eggon Of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
The Eggon cultural belief system shapes and defines what constitute health and illness behaviour. These reflected the Eggon collective approach to health and well-being. Three research questions guided the study, with specific objectives which included the folowing, to: find out the perceived causes of illness; explain how belief system affects when to seek treatment, and discover what the Eggon people of Nasarawa State do when they are ill, with specific reference to culture and tradition. Relevant literatures were reviewed, while the theory of reasoned action and functionalist perspective provided the theoretical frame works for the analysis. The study used the phenomenological research design. The qualitative technique, with in-depth interview (IDI) as instrument for data collection was utilized; both primary and secondary data were used. Gate keepers, the elderly and community leaders where purposively selected to constitute a sample size of 65 interviewees. Sixty five (65) IDIs (5) per Local Government Area were conducted. Data were analyzed and findings revealed that Eggon people’s perception of causes of illness, when to seek treatment and what they do when they are ill are defined by their lived world, as a people’s action and world view is a product of their belief system and practices. The study recommends, among other areas that reform strategies and interventions should be introduced at Local, State and Federal Government levels to address aspects of culture that are detrimental to health and well- being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dorothy Akpovye BAGE-JOHN, PhD (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Assessment of Impact of Psycho-social Support on Emotional Wellbeing of Postnatal Mothers in Ovia North Local Government of Edo State
The postnatal period is a critical phase in a mother's life, marked by significant emotional, psychological, and physiological changes. Psychosocial support, plays a crucial role in fostering maternal well-being. The study assesses impact of psychosocial support on psychological and emotional well-being of postnatal mothers in Ovia North Local Government of Edo State, Nigeria. Adopting a quantitative survey research design, data was collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 220 respondents The data collected was analyzed using inferential to determine the association between psychosocial support and maternal well-being. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the types of psychosocial support received and maternal well-being. Additionally, it was found that postnatal mothers who received adequate psychosocial support were more likely to engage in positive infant care practices compared to those with limited support. Socioeconomic factors such as income and education level were identified to influence the accessibility of psychosocial support services for postnatal mothers in Ovia North Local Government of Edo State. In conclusion, the study underscored the importance of psychosocial support in promoting maternal well-being and infant care practices. It highlighted the need for healthcare providers and policymakers to prioritize the provision of comprehensive psychosocial support services tailored to the needs of postnatal mothers. Recommendations include the implementation of targeted interventions to address barriers to access, the integration of psychosocial support into routine maternal healthcare services, and the provision of education and awareness programs to enhance the understanding of the benefits of psychosocial support among stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kuteyi Raymond Kayode, Popoola Olusoji David (PhD) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Appraisal of the Nature and Extent in Medicalization of Women’s Health and Wellbeing in 21 st Century Nigeria
Medicalization, at its core, refers to the process by which human conditions and problems came to be defined and treated as medical issues. In the context of women’s health and wellbeing, this process has been particularly pervasive, often pathologically constructed as natural biological processes such as menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. These processes have contributed to the growing assumption that the woman anatomy is biologically fragile or unstable and frequently need the attention of medical care. The theoretical frameworks adopted for this paper are Ann Oakley’s Radical Feminism approach and Michel Foucault’s Postmodernism. The literature review provides a comprehensive synthesis of scholarly contributions to the field of medical sociology, highlighting both historical and contemporary perspectives on the medicalization of women. The paper also highlight diverse domains of women lives that have been linked with medicalization, and this has far reached implications for their wellbeing in contemporary society. For example, menstruation has been framed as a disorder rather than a natural process, with treatments ranging from hormonal therapy to antidepressants. Also, pregnancy and childbirth, once managed primarily by women and midwives, have become highly medicalized events, dominated by obstetricians and clinical technologies; even more significantly is the problem of infertility and conception that have been influenced through scientific medical inventions. Furthermore, mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety disorders have been disproportionately applied to women. Cosmetic surgeries are increasingly becoming popular among women in Nigeria, driven by changing beauty standards and the desire to enhance appearances. The paper concludes with reflections on the implications of medicalization and suggestions for a more inclusive and empowering approach to women’s health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ambrose W. Ogidi, Ph.D, (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Health Tourism in Nigeria: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects for National Development
Health tourism has emerged as a major facet of international healthcare mobility where people have been crossing national borders to seek quality, affordable and specialised healthcare services. The continued growth in outbound medical travel in Nigeria is a manifestation of structural flaws in the local health system, such as infrastructural deterioration, lack of specialised staff, systemic service failures and erosion of citizen confidence. This paper explores the potential and problems and national development opportunities of health tourism in Nigeria. Methodologically, the qualitative research design was adopted and secondary data, in the form of journal articles, books, reports and conference papers, was used to analyse the data so as to determine trends in health mobility in Nigeria. Two important findings are critical. One, outbound medical travel has made Nigeria experience a huge financial leakage to its economy, which exacerbates structural vulnerabilities in the health sector and redirect resources which could be utilized to enhance tertiary health care facilities. Second, notwithstanding these limiting factors, the swift growth of the privatized specialist hospitals, diagnostic centres and wellness establishments testifies to the fact that Nigeria has the structural ability to build a competitive health tourism market which can attract both domestic and regional patients. The paper contends that under consistent policy changes, better regulation, collaboration among the parties, and reinvestment in infrastructure and quality control, health tourism will enhance economic diversification, capital flight, and make Nigeria a new medical centre in West and Central Africa. The paper concludes that the use of health tourism in the national development process would necessitate a long-term commitment, institutional alignment and strategies that would restore the confidence of the population in the local health sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kehinde Tola Benjamin, Kehinde Kemi Rebecca (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of the Attitude of married men toward Modern Contraceptive
This study aims to evaluate the attitude of married couples toward modern contraceptives to understand the underlying factors that influence their perceptions and decision-making process about family planning. The study adopts quantitative approach via surveys with married couples from diverse backgrounds. The research has three objectives to guide the study which are- To examine the knowledge of married couples about family planning methods, to assess the attitude of men towards modern contraceptives use in Keffi, to ascertain the method of family planning used by couples in Keffi and to find out the role of education on family planning in Keffi. The research explored factors such as cultural beliefs, religious influence, access to information and personal experiences. The findings will highlight the existing attitude, misconceptions and the overall knowledge about modern contraceptive methods, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these factors affect reproductive choices. The study recommends that there should be a Comprehensive Educational Campaigns on modern contraceptive methods among married couples, Community engagement to disseminate information and dispel myths and address concerns. Tailored Counseling to implement personalize counseling sessions for couples that consider their unique beliefs, experience and cultural backgrounds to promote informed choices about family planning
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulmalik Suleiman, Dauda Likita, Obadiah Bulus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Determinants for Vaccine Decision and Media Strategies for Integrated Yellow Fever, Measles And Hpv Vaccination in Nasarawa State.
Vaccination is an important tool for preventing infectious diseases, but vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge in many parts of the world, including Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Despite the importance of vaccination, many parents and caregivers in Nigeria are reluctant to vaccinate their children, citing concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. The study primary aim is to investigate the media strategies that influence vaccination decisions among parents and caregivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study critically examines the role of socio-demographic factors, access to vaccination services, social media, opinion leaders, and vaccination knowledge in shaping vaccination decisions. Health Belief Model was used to as a theoretical framework to underpin the intricacies that surround the vaccination campaign. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 parents and caregivers in Nasarawa State. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that access to vaccination services, social media, opinion leaders, and vaccination knowledge were significant factors influencing vaccination decisions. It is obvious that the traditional media remains the most reliable in spreading vaccination massages especially in a divergent setting like Nasarawa state where illiteracy is a significant issue. The study highlights the importance of addressing access barriers, promoting vaccination knowledge, and leveraging social media and opinion leaders to promote vaccine uptake in Nasarawa State. The findings have implications for the development of evidence-based interventions to promote vaccination and reduce vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eimoga C. Audu, Dr. Maikenti I. James, Dr. Okwoli M. James (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Banditry on the Accessibility of Health Care Services in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Banditry has become a growing concern in Northwest Nigeria, seriously impacting vital social services, especially healthcare. This study looks into how banditry affects the accessibility and use of healthcare services in Sokoto State. The ongoing closure of health facilities, the displacement of medical staff, limited mobility for people, and reduced access to essential services like immunization, maternal care, and disease treatment are all significant issues. The research is grounded in the Sustainable Livelihoods Theory, which views banditry as a factor that undermines human, physical, and social capital, ultimately eroding community resilience and the effectiveness of health systems. A mixed-methods approach was used, gathering survey data from 1,353 respondents across six affected local government areas (LGAs). The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The findings reveal that banditry is a strong predictor of poor healthcare access, with those affected by banditry being 12 times more likely to experience disruptions in healthcare (Exp(B)=12.29, p<0.001). Factors like the high cost of care (63%), staff shortages, fear of attacks, and long distances to healthcare facilities further complicate access. Many residents turn to traditional medicine (19%) or move to safer areas (36%), highlighting the severe impact on service utilization. The study concludes that banditry significantly undermines health systems by disrupting facilities, workforce availability, supply chains, and community health-seeking behaviors. It suggests enhancing healthcare resilience by improving security for health workers and facilities, along with expanding health services in high-risk communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullahi Abubakar Ambursa, Ibrahim Shehu Ibrahim, Bashar Hamisu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainability and Continuity of Operations During Crises: Evaluating 96-Hour Preparedness, Incident Command Functionality, and Workforce Readiness. A case study of Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital, Worcester, MA
Strengths in organizational continuity of operations planning, well structured incident command and trained workforce with the capacity to sustain operations over prolonged periods are all becoming a key element in the organizational sustainability during crisis. The paper evaluated organizational preparedness based on 96-hour preparedness, incident command capability, and workforce preparedness in times of crisis. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study design was employed to collect data on emergency management, healthcare and infrastructure organizations using structured questionnaires and interviews on key informants. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative reposes were thematically analyzed. Results indicated moderate amounts of 96-hour logistical preparedness, lack of consistency in the application of incident command principles, and a large gap in the preparedness of the workforce in terms of fatigue management , role clarity, and surge capacity. The paper emphasized the interconnection between the areas of preparedness and the significance of interdidciplinary planing, trainng, and policy coordination. Some recommended actions include stregthening continuity planing benchmarks, institutionalzing incident command training and investing in strategies that enchance workforce resilience. The research contributes to the incresing body of literature on crisi sustainability and establishes missing research gaps in longitudinal preparedness evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 David Blighton (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STAKEHOLDER’S PERSPECTIVES ON THE ACCESS OF CONTEMPORARY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICES BY WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS OF KWARA STATE
Rural women face numerous structural, socioeconomic and cultural barriers that prevent them from accessing equitable healthcare services hence calling for a detailed analysis of stakeholder views. This study investigated healthcare accessibility factors for rural women through analysis of opinions from healthcare providers and community leaders along with policymakers and women from target areas. The study adopted exploratory research design. implementing qualitative methods through focus group discussions and semi structured interview guide for data collection. A multistage sampling was adopted to select the sample locations and respondents. 12 communities were purposively selected from the three senatorial districts of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total number of 96 in-depth interviews (IDI), twelve (12) key informant interviews (KII) and 12 focused group discussions (FGDs) sessions were conducted. The data was analyzed using the thematic approach, triangulation and Nvivo. The Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Determinants of Health (SDH) theory was adopted to analyze the study. The study revealed that most rural women are not educated on reproductive health challenges and exposure to these challenges is linked to illiteracy, poor accessibility to modern telecommunication gadgets, and belief system of rural dwellers. Rural women use combination of traditional and contemporary health care services because of their beliefs and availability of traditional health care services. Rural women's health will advance best through active joint efforts between stakeholders like the government agencies, providers and the key people of their communities. The research results add value to healthcare equity discussions while delivering useful guidance to officials and medical practitioners and development organizations operating within rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tolushe Elizabeth Fakayode, Olayiwola O Fasoranti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FUNGI ISOLATED AND IDENTIFIED ON GINO AND SONIA CANNED TOMATOES
Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is an important vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide due to its nutritional value and culinary versatility. However, despite processing and preservation, canned tomato products remain prone to microbial contamination, particularly by fungi, which can adversely affect food safety, shelf life, and consumer health.This study aimed to isolate and identify fungal species present in two commercial brands of canned tomatoes (Gino and Sonia) and to compare the types of fungi detected in each brand to evaluate their potential health and safety implications. Standard microbiological techniques were used for fungal isolation and identification. Samples from both brands were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Fungal colonies were examined for their macroscopic and microscopic features, and identification was performed using established morphological criteria. Two fungal species were isolated and identified. Aspergillus flavus was observed in the Gino sample, characterized by greenish colonies with unbranched conidiophores, while Rhizopus stolonifer was identified in the Sonia sample, showing white colonies that turned grey with broad, non-septate hyphae. The detection of A. flavus, known for its production of aflatoxins, indicates potential health risks to consumers, while R. stolonifer contributes to product spoilage and quality degradation. The presence of A. flavus and R. stolonifer in canned tomatoes demonstrates that fungal contamination can persist despite industrial canning processes, possibly due to post-processing exposure or inadequate storage conditions. Such contamination compromises food quality and safety, underscoring the need for stringent quality control measures, effective sterilization, and proper storage practices. Ensuring the microbiological safety of canned tomato products aligns with sustainable food production goals and global efforts to reduce foodborne risks in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2 and SDG 12).
Copyright (c) 2025 Victory Tolani Bada , Adekunle Isiaka Amuzat, Oluwatoyosi Temitayo Adalemo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
READINESS FOR ANTENATAL SERVICES AMONG SELECTED SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN ABUJA, FCT, NIGERIA
Weaknesses within the maternal health continuum, including antenatal, delivery, and postnatal services, contribute to the high maternal mortality rate in Nigeria. The deficiencies in the health system primarily stem from a lack of skilled health workers, equipment, and health commodities, which prevent the delivery of quality services. Antenatal services, as the first point of contact for pregnant women with the health system, play an important role in improving maternal and child health outcomes and ultimately reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. Most public health facilities in Nigeria are unable to deliver quality ANC services due to an inadequate skilled health workforce, medicines, commodities, and infrastructure, which ultimately result in the unacceptably high maternal mortality rate. This study assessed the readiness of health facilities within AMAC, FCT, to provide antenatal services so as to gain insights into the level of service provision and identify bottlenecks that hinder the delivery of quality care. The research employed a cross-sectional study design, utilizing health facility assessments of general hospitals to determine readiness using the WHO Service Availability and Assessment framework (SARA). ANC service readiness was generally good, with all facilities showing 100% compliance for basic equipment and diagnostic capacity. This high level of readiness for ANC services encourages ANC visits, boosts facility deliveries, and ultimately improves maternal outcomes. Due to the lack of training on antenatal services observed in some hospitals during this study, it is recommended that a strong and well-trained monitoring and evaluation team be established for effective supervision of health facilities in areas such as staff training, capacity building, and the availability of work aids. Additionally, readiness assessments for ANC services should be conducted annually.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sunday Agamah, Boluwatife Priscilla Oluwafemi, Abubakar Sanusi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CARE PROVIDERS AND PATIENTS’ INSIGHTS ON IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER TREATMENT CENTERS IN KADUNA, NORTHERN NIGERIA
Nigeria’s substance use/disorder treatment landscape is characterized by a myriad of challenges. This quantitative study explored the perceptions of care providers and patients across public and private centers in Kaduna State regarding strategies that patients, management and government can implement to improve substance use disorder treatment service delivery. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive research design and randomly sampled 86 care providers and 144 patients. Data was generated via questionnaire and analysed descriptively. The findings revealed that care providers emphasized the need for facility management to enhance human resources, compensation and staff welfare while patients irrespective of facility type prioritized establishment of aftercare support group (24.8% in public centers and 38.7% in private centers). Furthermore, 18.6% of patients in public centers sought for improved staff- patient relationship whereas (25.8%) in private centers emphasized participatory decision making in care process. The findings also highlighted that, care providers in public centers primarily advocated for government interventions in enhancing staffing capacities and reducing treatment cost. In contrast, care providers in private centers stressed the need for regulatory oversight and enforcement. Patients across both public and private centers uniformly advocated for increase access to treatment and rehabilitation centers as well as subsidized treatment cost. The study concludes that, combined insight from care providers and patients’ provide multifaceted strategies that are center specifics while emphasizing the need for patients-centered care, staff development and government support. The study recommends the implementation of the care provider enabled and patient-needs centered suggestions derived from the study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anthony Ekpe Helen , Richard Ufuoma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE OF DRUGS ABUSE ON ADOLESCENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH IN BWARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ABUJA, NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of drug abuse on mental health of adolescents in Bwari Local Government Area (LGA), Abuja, Nigeria. Using Social Learning Theory as a guide, descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to 400 adolescents aged 13–19 that were engaged in drugs abuse across the LGA. Findings reveal that alcohol, marijuana, tramadol, and codeine were the most commonly used substances, with alcohol being the most frequently abused. Peer influence, media exposure, and availability of drugs in unregulated community spaces emerged as major sources of initiation. Most respondents first used drugs between the ages of 15 and 16, with a significant proportion reporting occasional or weekly use. Psychologically, drug abuse was linked to anxiety (30.0%), depression (25.5%), and aggressive behaviour (13.0%), while 66.8% of users admitted being unable to stop despite the consequences. Academically, over half of the respondents reported declining performance, and socially, many experienced strained family and peer relationships. Environmental and socio-economic factors also played key roles: 53.3% came from low-income homes, 49.3% cited peer pressure as a major influence, and 74.3% acknowledged that their living environment encouraged drug use. Access to drugs was reported as very easy by nearly half of the respondents. These findings point to a complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors driving adolescent drug abuse in Bwari LGA. The study concludes that comprehensive, youth-focused intervention strategies—combining school-based education, community awareness, parental involvement, and improved access to mental health and rehabilitation services—are urgently needed to mitigate the rising public health burden among Nigerian adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oyimakofe Itomo Paul, Ibrahim Yankuzo Kabiru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DETERMINANTS OF SELF-MEDICATION IN NIGERIA
Self-medication, the practice of treating oneself with medicines without medical supervision, is prevalent in Nigeria due to various socio-economic and cultural factors. This study investigates the determinants of self-medication in Nigerian. Its aim is to identify key influences such as accessibility, awareness, socio-economic status, and health system factors. The paper is guided by Health Belief Model (HBM) as its theoretical framework, which posits that health behaviors are influenced by personal beliefs about health conditions and perceived benefits or barriers to actions. The paper adopted the secondary method of data collection; the materials for this research paper were sourced mostly from written works from libraries and archives they include: text books, journals, newspapers, and magazines. The paper used content analysis and this research paper is mainly based on secondary data. Base on the results, its indicate that ease of access to pharmacies, low healthcare costs, prior experience, and perceived minor ailments significantly influence self-medication practices. The findings underscore the need for regulatory policies, health education, and improved healthcare access to mitigate the potential risks associated with self-medication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kashi Tsado Winifred, Juliana Hussaina Dauda, Haruna Dzwafu Bello , Shuaibu Mohammed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CAPITALISM AND THE CRISIS OF WORKERS’ HEALTH IN NIGERIA: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL NEGLECT
This paper examines the systemic neglect of workers’ health within capitalist economies. Drawing from the perspective of health and industrial sociology, the study explores how capitalist economy prioritise profit over well-being, leading to institutionalised occupational hazards, labour precarity, and inadequate healthcare support. This study is justified by the persistent global and local neglect of workers’ health especially with weak labour regulation like Nigeria. Despite growing industrial activities, occupational health remains under-researched and poorly institutionalised. This study adopts a qualitative, conceptual, and literature-based research design, drawing upon secondary sources to explore the institutional neglect of workers health in Nigeria within the context of capitalism. It highlights the failure of state institutions to enforce occupational health and safety standards, the limited reach of social protection mechanism, and the persistent invisibility of workers in public health planning. Through a review of relevant literature, policy analysis, and theoretical insights from structural violence, political economy of health, and labour process frameworks, the paper argues that the crisis is not just a health issue, but a manifestation of broader structural inequalities entrenched in Nigeria’s capitalist development path. The study concludes by advocating for a reorientation of institutional priorities towards inclusive labour policies that centres workers health as a critical dimension of national development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Queen Edem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0