SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE WELL-BEING OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN CAMPS OF GUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Social infrastructure is central to the survival dignity and recovery of internally displaced persons residing in camps yet persistent deficits continue to undermine well-being outcomes in conflict affected regions of Nigeria. This study examined the relationship between access to healthcare, housing quality, educational attainment and the well-being of internally displaced persons in Guma Local Government Area of Benue State. Anchored in Human Needs Theory the study conceptualized social infrastructure as an institutional mechanism for meeting fundamental needs of security dignity identity and participation. A descriptive survey research design was adopted using mixed methods. Data were collected from 371 internally displaced persons through structured questionnaires and complemented with key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings revealed severe inadequacies in healthcare infrastructure including limited functional facilities, shortage of qualified personnel, weak maternal and emergency services which significantly undermined physical and psychological well-being. Housing conditions were characterized by overcrowding, poor ventilation, lack of privacy and exposure to extreme weather contributing to stress sleep disorders and reduced social functioning. Educational attainment emerged as a protective factor enhancing social integration mental resilience health awareness decision making capacity and hopefulness despite structural constraints within camp settings. The study concluded that deficits in social infrastructure represent structural failures to meet essential human needs thereby perpetuating vulnerability and prolonging displacement related suffering. It recommends that the Benue State Government and humanitarian partners strengthen camp based primary healthcare services develop durable climate appropriate housing and expand inclusive educational and psychosocial programs to improve the overall well-being and long-term recovery of internally displaced persons in Guma.