STRENGTHENING EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IN RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED SETTINGS: A STAKEHOLDER-BASED ANALYSIS

Abstract

Despite advancements in public health and medical science, epidemic preparedness and response remain a challenge, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study explores the current state, desired outcomes, and existing gaps in epidemic preparedness across Bauchi and Kano states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Using a qualitative research design, key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with eight public health officials and surveillance officers. Data were analyzed using NVivo11 software, applying deductive coding to identify key themes.Findings highlight key strengths, including the availability of epidemic preparedness strategies, capacity-building initiatives, and multi-sectoral collaborations. Respondents emphasized that structured preparedness plans enable timely response and resource mobilization. Training and continuous capacity building for healthcare personnel were identified as crucial in strengthening response efforts, while partnerships with organizations such as WHO and UNICEF enhance coordination and resource availability.However, significant challenges persist, including inadequate funding, bureaucratic delays in fund disbursement, staff attrition, and limited health infrastructure. Respondents noted that despite dedicated budget lines for epidemic preparedness in Kano, delays in accessing funds impact timely response. Similarly, laboratory capacity constraints hinder effective disease surveillance and early detection. The study also identified gaps in coordination among health and non-health sectors, with communication barriers limiting collaborative efforts. Addressing these challenges requires sustainable financing mechanisms, enhanced workforce retention strategies, and improved infrastructure to support epidemic preparedness and response. Strengthening inter-sectoral collaboration and ensuring timely resource allocation will enhance Nigeria’s ability to respond to disease outbreaks effectively. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to improve epidemic preparedness and response systems, ultimately enhancing resilience against future outbreaks.